ALKBH5 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== ALKBH5 ======

ALKBH5 (AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase) is a [[Protein Coding gene]]. Diseases associated with ALKBH5 include Wilms Tumor 1 and Cervix Carcinoma. Among its related pathways are DNA Damage Reversal and Homology Directed Repair. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include RNA binding and oxidative RNA demethylase activity.
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ALKBH5 is aberrantly activated and exerts critical roles in facilitating the development of glioblastoma. However, the underlying activation mechanism by which ALKBH5 protein is increased in glioblastoma is not completely understood.

Findings identify [[USP36]] as a DUB of ALKBH5 and its role in glioblastoma progression, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment
((Chang G, Xie GS, Ma L, Li P, Li L, Richard HT. USP36 promotes tumorigenesis and drug sensitivity of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ALKBH5. Neuro Oncol. 2022 Oct 14:noac238. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noac238. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 36239338.)).
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N6-[[methylation]] of [[adenosine]] (m6A) is one of the most frequent chemical modifications in eukaryotic [[RNA]]s and plays a vital role in [[tumorigenesis]] and [[progression]]. Emerging studies have shown that m6A modification by ALKBH5 has been associated with [[immunotherapy]] response in various types of cancer. However, whether m6A demethylases ALKBH5 participate in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy's efficacy in glioblastoma remains unknown. 

Tang et al. found that deletion of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited glioma growth [[allograft]]s, rescued the antitumoral immune response, and increased cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines in CSF while significantly suppressing PD-L1 protein expression. m6A-methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing identify [[ZDDHC3]] as the direct target of ALKBH5. Mechanically, ALKBH5 deficiency impairs the YTHDF2-mediated stability of ZDHHC3 mRNA, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression by accelerating PD-L1 degradation in glioma. In addition, genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of ALKBH5 with IOX1 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in preclinical mice models. These data suggest that the combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and ALKBH5 inhibition may be a promising treatment strategy in glioma
((Tang W, Xu N, Zhou J, He Z, Lenahan C, Wang C, Ji H, Liu B, Zou Y, Zeng H, Guo H. ALKBH5 promotes PD-L1-mediated immune escape through m6A modification of ZDHHC3 in glioma. Cell Death Discov. 2022 Dec 24;8(1):497. doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01286-w. PMID: 36566230.)).