1997 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1997 ======

[[1996]]-[[1998]]

The [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) approved [[Deep brain stimulation]] [[DBS]] as a treatment for [[essential tremor]] in [[1997]], for [[Parkinson's disease]] in [[2002]], [[dystonia]] in [[2003]], and [[obsessive-compulsive disorder ]]s, in [[2009]]. DBS is also used in research studies to treat [[chronic pain]], PTSD, and has been used to treat various affective disorders, including [[major depression]]; neither of these applications of DBS have yet been FDA-approved. While DBS has proven effective for some patients, potential for serious complications and side effects exists.
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Foley et al. 
((Foley KT, Smith MM, Rampersaud YR. Microendoscopic approach to far-lateral [[lumbar disc herniation]]. Neurosurg Focus. 1999;7:e5.))
first reported lumbar discectomies through an endoscopically visualized tube in [[1997]].
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[[Vagus nerve stimulation]] for [[drug-resistant epilepsy]] was first approved in Europe in [[1994]] and in the [[United States]] (US) in [[1997]].
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In [[1997]], Morel, Magnin, and Jeanmonod presented a microscopic stereotactic atlas of the human [[thalamus]]. Parcellations of thalamic nuclei did not only use cyto- and myeloarchitectonic criteria but were additionally corroborated by staining for calcium-binding proteins, which bears functional significance. The atlas complies with the Anglosaxon nomenclature elaborated by Jones and the data were sampled in three orthogonal planes in the AC-PC reference space
((Morel A, Magnin M, Jeanmonod D. Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of
the human thalamus. J Comp Neurol. 1997 Nov 3;387(4):588-630. Erratum in: J Comp 
Neurol 1998 Feb 22;391(4):545. PubMed PMID: 9373015.
)).
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Simultaneous [[PET/MRI]] detection was first demonstrated in [[1997]], however, it took another 13 years, and new detector technologies, for clinical systems to become commercially available.
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Interhemispheric [[acute subdural hematoma]] was first described by Aring and Evans
((Aring CD, Evans JP. Aberrant location of subdural hematoma. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1940;44:1296–306.))
in [[1940]] and only about 100 cases have been reported till [[1997]]
((Sadrolhefazi A, Bloomfield SM. Interhemispheric and bilateral chronic subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2000;11:455–63.))
((Houtteville JP, Toumi K, Theron J, Derlon JM, Benazza A, Hubert P. Interhemispheric subdural haematomas: seven cases and review of the literature. Br J Neurosurg. 1988;2:357–67. doi: 10.3109/02688698809001007.))
((Rapanà A, Lamaida E, Pizza V, Lepore P, Caputi F, Graziussi G. Inter-hemispheric scissure, a rare location for a traumatic subdural hematoma, case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 1997;99:124–9. doi: 10.1016/S0303-8467(96)00585-9.)).