1996 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1996 ======

[[1995]]-[[1997]]

The term [[Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction]] was coined in [[1996]], describing a severe [[hemisphere syndrome]] with characteristic symptoms and a predictable clinical course including [[hemiparesis]], eye, and head deviation, a progressive decline in [[consciousness]], [[pupillary dilatation]], and increased [[intracranial pressure]]
((Hacke W, Schwab S, Horn M, Spranger M, De Georgia M, von Kummer R. ‘Malignant’ middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs.Arch Neurol. 1996; 53:309–315. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550040037012)).
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[[Blake's pouch cyst]] was first described as an independent entity within the [[Dandy-Walker malformation]] in [[1996]] by Paolo Tortori-Donati et al. 
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In [[1996]], the German Registry of [[Pituitary Tumor]]s was founded by the Pituitary Section of the German Society of [[Endocrinology]] as a reference center for collection and consultant pathohistological studies of [[pituitary tumor]]s.
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see [[Bouthillier classification]].

Bouthillier et al. described in [[1996]] a seven [[internal carotid artery segments]] classification system. It remains the most widely used system for describing ICA segments.
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[[Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor]] was originally described a histological variant of [[Wilm’s tumor]] in [[1978]].

Primary intracranial diseases were initially reported in [[1987]] and subsequently, defined as a distinct CNS neoplasm in [[1996]] and added to the World Health Organization (WHO) Brain Tumor Classification in [[2000]] (grade IV).
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[[Neurosurgical Focus]] started [[1996]].

From the [[Journal of Neurosurgery]] Publishing Group’s (JNSPG’s) online and freely accessible journal. 

Focus was implemented at a time when digital publications were just coming into existence. 
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Inspired by an [[experience]] with endoscopic paranasal sinus surgery, an [[endoscope]] was applied in [[transsphenoidal]] [[pituitary surgery]]. This endoscopic transsphenoidal technique was used in 45 cases of [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s. Using a 4 mm rigid endoscope, the pituitary neuroendocrine tumor is removed through a [[nostril]]. A zero-degree endoscope is used for micro-adenomas. A combination of a 0-degree endoscope and a 30-degree endoscope is used for macro-adenomas that have extended to the suprasellar region. Although it is early in experience with a small number of patients, the short-term surgical results have been encouraging with patients' short [[hospital stay]] and minimum [[morbidity]]. The endoscopic technique that has evolved with Jho and Carrau experience is described with two cases of [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]s
((Jho HD, Carrau RL. [[Endoscopy]] assisted [[transsphenoidal surgery]] for [[pituitary neuroendocrine tumor]]. Technical note. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1996;138(12):1416-25. doi: 10.1007/BF01411120. PMID: 9030348.)).
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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological syndrome, characterized by reversible vasogenic edema in the posterior circulation territory . This syndrome was first described in 1996
((Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A, Pessin MS, Lamy C, Mas JL, Caplan LR. A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996 Feb 22;334(8):494-500. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199602223340803. PMID: 8559202.)).