1992 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1992 ======

[[1991]]-[[1993]]
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The anterior [[lumbar]] [[interbody cage]] was developed and reported by Kuslich et al.
((Kuslich SD, Danielson G, Dowdle JD, et al. Four-year follow-up results of lumbar [[spine arthrodesis]] using the Bagby and Kuslich lumbar fusion cage. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000;25:2656–62. ))
in [[1992]].
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The term [[split cord malformation]] (SCM) was first introduced in [[1992]] by Pang et al., in an attempt to resolve the confusion existing in the pathological definition and the clinical significance of previously existing terminologies in the literature, [[diastematomyelia]] and [[diplomyelia]], and the inconsistent usage of these two terms
((Pang D, Dias MS, Ahab-Barmada M. Split cord malformation: Part I: A unified
theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery. 1992 
Sep;31(3):451-80. Review. PubMed PMID: 1407428.
)).
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The widely used [[Marshall computed tomography classification]] of [[TBI]] published in [[1992]]
((Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, et al. The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axial tomography. J Neurotrauma. 1992; 9:S287–S292))
describes 6 categories of severity of TBI based on a non-contrast head CT with binary assessments for presence or absence of:

1. intracranial abnormalities

2. CT evidence of increased [[ICP]] as demonstrated by a) midline shift (MLS) >5mm and/or

b) compression of [[basal cistern]]s

3. presence or absence of mass lesions (contusions/hemorrhages)

4. planned evacuation of mass lesions
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[[CBTRUS]] was established in [[1992]] to provide descriptive statistical data on all [[primary brain tumor]]s. The database contains the largest collection of incidence data in the United States for primary brain and central nervous system tumors. 
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In 1992 Jankowski and coworkers from the Central Hospital of the University of Nancy reported on their experience with three cases in which they used a pure endoscopic transsphenoidal approach to the sella turcica
((Jankowski R, Auque J, Simon C, et al: Endoscopic pituitary tumor surgery. Laryngoscope 102:198–202, 1992)).
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Dickman et al., from Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, [[Gainesville]] published in [[1992]], that the approximate mediolateral trajectory for the [[open lumbar pedicle screw technique]] equals the lumbar vertebral number multiplied by 5 º for each level from [[L1]] to [[L5]]
((Dickman CA, Fessler RG, MacMillan M, Haid RW. Transpedicular screw-rod
fixation of the lumbar spine: operative technique and outcome in 104 cases. J
Neurosurg. 1992 Dec;77(6):860-70. PubMed PMID: 1432127.
)).
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[[EOS]] is a medical imaging system whose aim is to provide frontal and lateral radiography images, while limiting the X-ray dose absorbed by the patient in a sitting or standing position. The system relies on the high sensitivity of a detector (multi-wire chamber) invented by Georges Charpak (which gave him the [[1992]] Nobel prize).

EOS is commercialized by the French company EOS imaging as an orthopedic application whose main feature is the 3D visualization of the vertebral column and/or lower limbs of the patients.