1953 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1953 ======

[[1952]]-[[1954]]

[[Cerebral revascularization]] dates back to [[1953]] when Conley performed the first reported [[saphenous vein graft]] (SVG) bypass of the [[cervical internal carotid artery]] (ICA) for a tumor of the neck
((CONLEY JJ. Free [[autogenous]] [[vein graft]] to the internal and common [[carotid]] arteries in the treatment of [[tumor]]s of the [[neck]]. Ann Surg. 1953 Feb;137(2):205-14. doi: 10.1097/00000658-195302000-00009. PMID: 13017520; PMCID: PMC1802458.))

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The [[Harrington rod]]s was developed in [[1953]] by Paul Harrington, a professor of orthopedic surgery at Baylor College of Medicine in [[Houston]], Texas.

Harrington rods were intended to provide a means to reduce the curvature and to provide more stability to a spinal fusion. Before the Harrington rod was invented, scoliosis patients had their spines fused without any instrumentation to support it; such fusions required many months in plaster casts, and large curvatures could progress despite fusion.
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The PLIF [[procedure]] was first described in [[1944]] by Briggs and Milligan
((Briggs H, Milligan P. Chip fusion of the low back following exploration of the spinal canal. J Bone Joint Surg. 1944;26:125–130.))
who used laminectomy bone chips in the disc space as interbody graft. In [[1946]], Jaslow 
((JASLOW IA. Intercorporal bone graft in spinal fusion after disc removal. Surg 
Gynecol Obstet. 1946 Feb;82:215-8. PubMed PMID: 21011710.
))
modified the technique by positioning an excised portion of the spinous process within the intervertebral space. It was not until [[1953]] when Cloward 
((CLOWARD RB. The treatment of ruptured lumbar intervertebral discs by vertebral
body fusion. I. Indications, operative technique, after care. J Neurosurg. 1953
Mar;10(2):154-68. PubMed PMID: 13035484.
))
described his technique, which used impacted blocks of iliac crest autograft that the popularity of PLIF surgery increased. Although technically more difficult than posterolateral fusion techniques (i.e., intertransverse fusion in which bone graft spans between the transverse processes), the PLIF [[procedure]] was found to have the advantage of substantially increased fusion rates, often in excess of 85%. Despite the increased fusion rate, this technique was fraught with complications related to blood loss, dural/neural injury, graft extrusion, and arachnoiditis
((Cole CD, McCall TD, Schmidt MH, Dailey AT. Comparison of low back fusion
techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar
interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009
Jun;2(2):118-26. doi: 10.1007/s12178-009-9053-8. Epub 2009 Apr 29. PubMed PMID:
19468868; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2697340.
)).
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[[Luxol fast blue stain]], abbreviated LFB stain or simply LFB, is a commonly used stain to observe 
[[myelin]] under [[light microscopy]], created by Heinrich Klüver and Elizabeth Barrera in 1953.