1908 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1908 ======
[[1907]]-[[1909]]

Occipitocervical dissociation (OCD) or [[atlantooccipital dislocation]] (AOD) was first described by Blackwood in [[1908]] and was considered quite rare as compared to another [[cervical spine injury]]
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The first device for [[stereotactic]] surgery was described in detail in [[1908]] by British neuroscientist and surgeon Sir [[Victor Horsley]] and British physiologist [[Robert Henry Clarke]]. This device, named the Horsley-Clarke apparatus, facilitated the study of the [[cerebellum]] in [[animal]]s by enabling accurate electrolytic lesioning to be made in the brain. To ensure that a lesion would be introduced in the correct site, Horsley and Clarke created [[atlas]]es containing pictures of the brains of the animals on which they experimented. Shortly thereafter, in [[1918]], the first stereotaxic apparatus for humans was designed by Canadian neurologist Aubrey Mussen. However, the first attempts at stereotaxic surgery in human subjects were not made until the 1940s; these attempts were pioneered by American neurologists [[Ernest A. Spiegel]] and [[Henry T. Wycis]]. Since then, a number of modifications and refinements have been made to stereotaxic devices, [[procedure]]s, and atlases, and these advances have significantly improved the utility of [[stereotaxy]].
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In [[1908]] the first successful lumbar [[discectomy]] was initiated and performed by the German neurologist [[Heinrich Oppenheim]] (1858-1919) and the surgeon [[Fedor Krause]] (1857-1937); however, neither recognized the true pathological condition of discogenic [[nerve compression syndrome]]. With the landmark report in [[The New England Journal of Medicine]] in [[1934]], the two American surgeons [[William Jason Mixter]] (1880-1958) and [[Joseph Seaton Barr]] (1901-1963) finally clarified the pathomechanism of [[lumbar disc herniation]] and furthermore, propagated [[discectomy]] as the standard therapy.
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Coats disease is an [[idiopathic]] ocular condition characterized by retinal [[telangiectasia]], aneurysms, and exudation.

George Coats first described it in [[1908]] as a unilateral condition with retinal exudation and [[telangiectasia]] in male children