1890 [Neurosurgery Wiki]

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====== 1890 ======
[[1889]]-[[1891]]

The history of EVD is best appreciated in 4 eras of progress: development of the technique (1850-1908), technological advancements (1927-1950), expansion of indications (1960-1995), and accuracy, training, and infection control (1995-present). While EVD was first attempted in the 18th century, it was not until [[1890]] that the first thorough report of EVD technique and outcomes was published by William Williams Keen. He was followed by H. Tillmanns, who described the technique that would be used for many years. Following this, many improvements were made to the EVD apparatus itself, including the addition of manometry by Adson and Lillie in [[1927]], and continued experimentation in cannulation/drainage materials. Technological advancements allowed a great expansion of indications for EVD, sparked by [[Nils Lundberg]], who published a thorough analysis of the use of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in patients with brain tumors in [[1960]]. This led to the application of EVD and ICP monitoring in subarachnoid hemorrhage, Reye syndrome, and traumatic brain injury. Recent research in EVD has focused on improving the overall safety of the procedure, which has included the development of guidance-based systems, virtual reality simulators for trainees, and antibiotic-impregnated catheters
((Srinivasan VM, O'Neill BR, Jho D, Whiting DM, Oh MY. The [[history]] of [[external ventricular drainage]]. J Neurosurg. 2014 Jan;120(1):228-36. doi: 10.3171/2013.6.JNS121577. Epub 2013 Jul 26. PMID: 23889138.)).

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Although the history of neurosurgery in Anatolia goes back ten thousand years, modern surgery began in [[Turkey]] in [[1890]]. Neurosurgery in Turkey began in the first half of the 20th century. However, general surgeons began applying neurosurgical techniques back in the late 19th century. Most of these applications included [[procedure]]s for craniocerebral traumas and infections.