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+====== Pirin ======
+**Definition:**
+*Pirin* is a highly conserved nuclear protein belonging to the cupin superfamily. It functions as a **transcriptional co-regulator**, interacting with key factors such as **NF-κB**, and is implicated in **oxidative stress responses**, **inflammation**, and **cancer progression**.
+===== Molecular Characteristics =====
+  * **Gene:** *PIR* (located on chromosome 1q21.3 in humans).
+  * **Structure:** Contains a cupin-like β-barrel domain capable of binding metal ions (e.g., iron, zinc).
+  * **Localization:** Mainly nuclear, but cytoplasmic presence observed in some cancers.
+===== Functional Roles =====
+^ Function                         ^ Description                                                       ^
+| **Redox sensor**                | Pirin activity is modulated by cellular redox state, especially Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio. |
+| **NF-κB co-regulator**          | Enhances or modulates NF-κB–dependent gene transcription.          |
+| **Cell migration & EMT**        | Associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. |
+| **Pro-inflammatory signaling**  | Upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli.                   |
+===== Involvement in Cancer =====
+  * **Oncogenic potential:** Pirin is overexpressed in several cancers including **melanoma**, **lung cancer**, **breast cancer**, and **gliomas**.
+  * **Promotes EMT and metastasis:** Through modulation of NF-κB and other pathways.
+  * **Possible biomarker:** Elevated PIR expression correlates with poor prognosis in multiple tumor types.
+  * **Potential therapeutic target:** Inhibition of pirin-NF-κB interaction is under investigation.
+===== Relation to Inflammation =====
+  * Pirin is induced by oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β).
+  * Acts as a **redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator**—key in linking inflammation to tumorigenesis.
+===== Research Highlights =====
+  * Pirin modulates **IL-8** and **matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)** expression in cancer cells.
+  * Studies show **iron-bound pirin (holo-pirin)** promotes pro-inflammatory transcriptional programs more than its iron-free form.
+  * Possible link to **neuroinflammation** via glial activation and redox imbalance.
+===== Clinical and Research Implications =====
+  * **Cancer biology:** Pirin may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in aggressive cancers.
+  * **Redox-inflammation axis:** Represents a molecular hub for oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
+  * **Neurology:** Under investigation for its role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
+===== References =====
+  * Wendler WM, et al. (2006). Pirin, a novel nuclear protein, interacts with NF-κB p65 and modulates its transcriptional activity. *J Biol Chem*.
+  * Liu Y, et al. (2019). Pirin regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition in lung cancer via NF-κB pathway. *Oncol Rep*.
+  * De Simone G, et al. (2013). Pirin as a potential target in cancer therapy. *FEBS Lett*.
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