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--- malnutrition [2024/06/07 02:52] – created - external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ malnutrition [2025/07/07 17:36] (current) – administrador
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+====== Malnutrition ======
 Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems. It may involve calories, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins or minerals.
+===== Malnutrition Diagnosis =====
+Malnutrition is a clinical diagnosis based on validated criteria. It is not defined by weight loss alone but by a combination of phenotypic and etiologic factors.
+==== 1. GLIM Criteria (Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition) ====
+**Step 1: Screening**
+  * Use validated tools (e.g., MUST, MNA, NRS-2002) to identify risk
+**Step 2: Diagnosis** requires at least:
+  * **1 phenotypic criterion** **and**
+  * **1 etiologic criterion**
+**Phenotypic Criteria**
+  * Weight loss >5% in 6 months or >10% over longer period
+  * Low BMI (<20 if <70 years, <22 if ≥70 years)
+  * Reduced muscle mass (clinical or instrumental evidence)
+**Etiologic Criteria**
+  * Reduced intake or absorption
+  * Inflammation/disease burden (e.g., cancer, infection, trauma)
+==== 2. ESPEN Criteria (alternative) ====
+  * BMI <18.5, or
+  * Unintentional weight loss + low BMI or low fat-free mass
+==== Supportive Findings ====
+  * Low serum albumin or prealbumin
+  * Micronutrient deficiencies
+  * Functional impairment (e.g., fatigue, sarcopenia)
+==== Severity Grading ====
+  * **Moderate malnutrition**
+  * **Severe malnutrition**
+==== Related Pages ====
+  * [[nutritional_screening]]
+  * [[nutritional_assessment]]
+  * [[clinical_nutrition]]